What is the term for a macroeconomic policy that alters the structure and institutions of an economy?

The term that refers to a macroeconomic policy aimed at altering the structure and institutions of an economy is structural policy. This type of policy focuses on changing the economic framework to improve efficiency and productivity by addressing fundamental issues such as market competition, regulatory reform, and labor market dynamics. Structural policies often involve long-term changes rather than immediate adjustments, aiming to reshape the economic environment to foster growth and stability.

In contrast, expansionary policy typically refers to measures designed to stimulate economic growth through increased government spending and lower taxes, primarily in the short term. Monetary policy involves adjusting the money supply and interest rates to influence economic activity, while fiscal policy pertains to government spending and tax policies as tools to manage economic fluctuations. Each of these policies serves different purposes, but structural policy is specifically focused on changes that impact the foundational aspects of the economy.