Which economic condition best describes a situation with low unemployment and inflation?

The situation described by low unemployment and low inflation is best characterized by full employment. Full employment refers to a state in an economy where all available labor resources are being used efficiently, which results in low unemployment rates. In this ideal scenario, the economy is operating at or near its potential output, meaning that almost everyone who wants to work is able to find a job.

Additionally, the presence of low inflation indicates that prices are relatively stable, which is often a sign of a healthy economy. This stability allows for predictable economic planning by businesses and consumers, further reinforcing the conditions of full employment. When there are no excesses or shortages in the labor market and inflation remains controlled, it’s typically indicative of a robust economic environment that achieves a harmonious balance between labor supply and demand.

Other terms, like stagflation, refer to a situation where the economy experiences stagnant growth along with high unemployment and high inflation, which differs significantly from the conditions stated. Inflationary growth involves rising prices alongside economic growth but does not guarantee low unemployment. Hyperinflation refers to extremely high and typically accelerating inflation, which is clearly inconsistent with low inflation levels.